Muhammad al-Fatih, conqueror of Constantinople
andre zuesh
Oktober 02, 2017
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| Muhammad al-Fatih, conqueror of Constantinople |
Muhammad al-Fatih, conqueror of Constantinople
AndreZuesh - Muhammed is one of a king or sultan of the Ottoman Empire's most famous. He is the seventh in the history of the sultan Utsmaniah. Al-Fatih is a degree that is always attached to his name because he was the end or conquer the Eastern Roman Empire that had ruled during the 11th century.
Muhammad al-Fatih Sultan ruled for 30 years. Besides conquering Binzantium, he also conquered territories in Asia, uniting the kingdoms of Anatolia and regions of Europe, and includes the most important services is successfully adapted the Byzantine Empire management has matured into the Ottoman Empire.
Character Leader Embedded Small Since
Muhammad al-Fatih was born on 27th Rajab 835 AH / March 30th 1432 Erdine M City, the capital of the Ottoman Daulah that time. He was the son of Sultan Murad II, which is the sixth king Daulah ottoman.
Sultan Murad II had a great attention to their children's education. She forges her baby that would become a good leader and tough. Attention is visible from the small Muhammad who has completed 30 chapters of the Qur'an recitation, learning the traditions, understand the jurisprudence, mathematics, astronomy, and war strategy. Moreover, Muhammad also learn various languages, such as Arabic, Persian, Latin and Greek. Not surprisingly, at the age of 21 years Muhammad was fluent in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, incredible!
Although the nascent age, the father, Sultan Murad II, mengamanati Sultan Muhammad led the region with the guidance of the scholars. This was done in order that his father quickly realized that he had a great responsibility in the future. Guidance of the scholars are expected to be the compass that directs his thinking to be in line with the correct understanding of Islam.
Become ruler of the Ottoman
Sultan Muhammad II was appointed Caliph of the Ottoman on the 5th Muharram 855 H 7 February 1451 in conjunction with M. great program that directly he decides when the caliphate was conquered Constantinople.
The first step Sultan Muhammad did to realize her dream is to perform military policy and foreign policy are strategic. He renewed the treaties and agreements that have been established with neighboring countries and its military allies. Resetting the agreement aims to eliminate the influence of the Roman Byzantine Empire in the neighboring regions Utsmaniah both politically and militarily.
conquering Byzantium
Sultan Muhammad II also prepared more than 4 million soldiers would besiege Constantinople from the ground. During the siege of Byzantine fortress Ottoman troops who are killed because of the strong defense of the fortress. Siege that lasted no less than 50 days that really test the patience of the Ottoman troops, draining, mind, and supplies them.
A formidable defense of the Roman empire looks great from the beginning. Before the enemy achieve their fortress, the Byzantines had their sea fence with a chain stretching across the Golden Horn peninsula. It is impossible to touch the Byzantine fortress except by crossing the chain.
Sultan Muhammad finally found the idea he considered to be the only way to get past the fence. This idea is similar to that done by the prince of Kiev who attacked the Byzantines in the 10th century, the prince of Kiev pull the ship out of the Bosphorus, surround Galata, and launch it back in the Golden Horn, but the troops they still defeated by the Byzantine Roman , Sultan Muhammad do it more cleverly, he took 70 ships across Galata into the estuary after oiling the logs. It was done in a very short time, less than one night.
In the morning, the Byzantine unbelievable shock, they had no idea that Sultan Muhammad and his troops ferrying their ships by land. 70 ships ferried by land were still covered with large trees, cutting down trees and ferrying ships in one night is an impossibility according to them, but that's what happened.
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| Horn of Gold or Golden Horn, Istanbul, Turkey. |
Terrible battle ensued, untouched fortress as a symbol of Byzantine power was eventually attacked by people who are not afraid of death. Finally the government of the old 11th century it fell into the hands of the Muslims. Big battle that resulted in 265,000 troops killed Muslims. On 20 Jumada Al-Awwal 857 AH corresponding to May 29, 1453 AD, Sultan al-Ghazi Muhammad managed to enter the city of Constantinople. Since then it is known as Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih, the conqueror of Constantinople.
When entering Constantinople, Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih dismounting and kneeling as a sign of gratitude to God. After that, he went to the Church of Hagia Sophia into a mosque and ordered to replace it. Constantinople serve as the capital city, the center of the city government and the Ottoman Empire was renamed Islambul which means land of Islam, lau eventually transformed into Istanbul.
In addition, Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih also ordered to build a mosque at the grave of a noble companion Abu Ayyub al-Ansari something from 'anhu , one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam who died while attacking Constantinople in the time of Caliph Muawiyah I radhiallahu 'anhu .
What was done by Sultan Muhammad of course contrary to the law, as the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam ,
Not even of who came before you were taking the graves of their prophets and righteous people mosques, not to take the graves of mosques do not, I forbid it.
"... Know that the nations before you took the graves of Prophets them as a place of worship, but do not you make the tomb as a place of worship, because I absolutely forbid you to do the act." (HR. HR. Muslim 532)
The confusion carried out by Sultan Muhammad does not necessarily make us deny his services were very large. May Allah forgive his mistake and mistake on his mercy.
After that rentetat strategic conquest carried out by Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih; he took his army menkalukkan the Balkans, Greece, Romania, Albania, Asia Minor, etc. even he has been preparing troops and organize strategies to conquer the Roman Empire in Italy, but death prevented him from realizing it.
Civilization Built In His time
As well as the general of the war and managed to expand the powers of the sultans of the Ottoman exceeds the other, Muhammad al-Fatih also known as a poet. It has a diwan, a collection of poems that he created himself.
Sultan Muhammad also built more than 300 mosques, 57 schools, and 59 baths in various regions of the Ottoman. The most famous legacy is the Mosque of Sultan Muhammad II and Jami 'Abu Ayyub al-Ansari
Death of the Conqueror
Rabi al-Awwal in the year 886 AH / 1481 AD, Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih depart from Istanbul for jihad, when he is in unhealthy condition. On the way pain he suffered more severe and the more weight he feels. The doctor was brought in to treat it, but the doctors and the drug is no longer useful to the emperor, he died in the midst of his troops on Thursday, the 4th of Rabi al-Awwal 886 AH / May 3rd, 1481 AD It was Sultan Muhammad was 52 years old and ruled for 31 year. Some say the death of Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih because poisoned by his personal physician Basya Jacob, God knows best .
No information that can be relied upon where Sultan Muhammad II was about to bring his troops. Some say he would go to Italy to conquer Rome there are also said to France or Spain.
Before his death, Muhammad al-Fatih bequeathed to his son and successor to the throne, Sultan Bayazid II in order to be close to the scholars, do justice, do not be fooled by the property, and really good to keep religion a private, public, and the government.
May God avenge your righteousness, O Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih ...
Source kisahmuslim.com
Published by andre zuesh
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